Introduction
The Observer pattern establishes a one-to-many relationship, where an object (the subject) notifies multiple dependents (observers) when a state changes.
Real-Life Example
A social media platform: When a user posts an update, all followers get notified instantly without the user needing to manually notify each one.
Pros
Encourages loose coupling between objects.
Efficiently updates multiple dependencies simultaneously.
Supports event-driven programming.
Cons
Managing too many observers can introduce performance concerns.
Difficult to debug when dependencies grow complex.
When to Use It
When multiple objects need to react to changes in another object.
When implementing publish-subscribe systems (e.g., UI event handling, stock market updates).
Conclusion
Observer simplifies event-driven architectures but must be handled with care to avoid unintended complexity.
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